The Effect of P-1-D Thickener on CO2 Mobility Control During Enhanced Oil Recovery

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

2 Department of Polymer Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Abstract

The gas mobility control is one of the main challenges during gas injection. It causes early gas break through and decreases the sweep efficiency due to low viscosity. In this study, the small molecule thickener (P-1-D, MW=910 g/mol) was used to improve the CO2 mobility control at reservoir conditions. The small molecule thickener can dissolved in gas without any co-solvent. It leads to the small molecule thickeners which may be used to the EOR field application in comparison with high molecular thickeners. The cloud point pressures were calculated to ensure that the single phase condition has occurred between CO2 and gas thickener. In addition, the effect of gas thickener on CO2 viscosity was investigated for 5000, 10000, 30000, 50000, 80000, and 100000 ppm P-1-D concentrations. Moreover, the impact of P-1-D thickener on interfacial tension (IFT) was studied. The results illustrated that the cloud point pressure for gas and CO2 thickener decreased by increasing in P-1-D concentrations and all of these are below the reservoir pressure. Also, the gas thickener increased the CO2 viscosity 15.7 fold for 80000 ppm concentration which can improve the gas mobility control. Finally, the IFT decreased in presence of the gas thickener which can provide the miscibility condition for at least 10000 ppm concentration.
 

Keywords


[1]. Gandomkar A. and Kharrat R., “Tertiary fAWAG process on gas and water invaded zones, an experimental study,” Journal of Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 34, Issue 20, pp. 1913-1922, 2012.##
[2]. Merchant D., “A Look at conventional wAG recovery beyond 80% HCPV injected in CO2 Tertiary Floods,” SPE International Conference on CO2 Capture, Storage, and Utilization, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, SPE 139516, 2010. ##
[3]. Kumar S. and Mandal A., “A comprehensive review on chemically enhanced water alternating gas/CO2 (CEWAG) injection for enhanced oil recovery,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 157, pp. 696-715, 2017. ##
[4]. Afzali Sh., Rezaei N. and Zendehboudi S., “A comprehensive review on enhanced oil recovery by water alternating Gas (WAG) injection,” Fuel, Vol. 227, pp. 218-246, 2018. ##
[5]. Enick R. M., Olsen D., Ammer J. and Schuller W., “Mobility and conformance control for CO2 EOR via thickeners, foams, and gels- A literature review of 40 years of research and pilot tests,” Eighteenth SPE improved oil recovery symposium held in Tulsa, SPE 154122, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 14-18 April, 2012. ##
[6]. Huang Zh., Shi Ch., Xu J., Enick R. and Beckman E. J., “Enhancement of the viscosity of carbon dioxide using styrene/fluoroacrylate copolymers,” Macro molecules, Vol. 33, pp. 5437-5442, 2000. ##
[7]. Lee J. J., Dhuwe A., Stephen D., Eric J. and Enick R. M., “Polymeric and small molecule thickeners for CO2, ethane, propane and butane for improved mobility control,” SPE Improved Oil recovery conference, tulsa, SPE 179587, 2016. ##
[8]. Miller M. B., Chen D. L., Xie H. B., Luebke D. R. and Enick R. M., “Solubility of CO2 in CO2-philic oligomers; cosmotherm predictions and experimental results,” fluid phase equilibria, Vol. 287, Issue 1, pp.26-32, 2009. ##
[9]. Miller M. B., Luebke D. R. and Enick R. M., “CO2 -philic oligomers as novel solvents for CO2 absorption,” Energy & Fuels, Vol. 24, Issue 11, pp. 6214-6219, 2010. ##
[10]. Newman D. A., Hoefling T. A., Beckman E. J. and Enick R. M., “Phase behavior of fluoroether-functional amphiphiles in supercritical carbon dioxide,” Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp. 205-210, 1993. ##
[11]. Harris T. V., Irani C. A., and Pretzer W. R., U.S. Patent 4,913,235, 1990. ##
[12]. Bae J. H. and Irani C. A., “The thickened CO2 process utilizing a commercial silicon polymer and toluene as cosolvent is technically viable,” SPE Advanced Technology Series, 1993. ##
[13]. DeSimone J. M., Barcenas G. L., Mawson S. and Takishima S., “Phase behavior of poly(1,1-dihydroper fluorooctyl acrylate) in supercritical carbon dioxide,” Fluid Phase Equilib, Vol. 146, Issue 1-2, pp. 325-337, 1998. ##
[14]. McClain J. B., Betts D. E., DeSimone J. M., Poly. Preprints, 1996. ##
[15]. Enick R., Kilic S. and Beckman E. J., “Fluoroacrylate-aromatic acrylate copolymers for viscosity enhancement of carbon dioxide,” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 146, pp. 38-46, 2019. ##
[16]. Jianhang X., Xu J., Ph.D Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2003. ##
[17]. Enick R., Lee J. J., Cummings S. D. and Zaberi A., “Fluoroacrylate polymers as CO2- soluble conformance control agents,” SPE 190176, 2018. ##
[18]. Lee J. J., Dhuwe A., Stephen D., Eric J. and Enick R. M., “Polymeric and small molecule thickeners for CO2, ethane, propane and butane for improved mobility control,” SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, Tulsa, SPE 179587, 2016. ##
[19]. Shi C., Enick R. M., Beckman E. J. and Karmana E., “Phase behavior of CO2–perfluoropolyether oil mixtures and CO2–perfluoropolyether chelating agent mixtures,” Journal of Supercritical Fluid, 1998. ##
[20]. Zhang Sh., Yuehui She and Yongan G., “Evaluation of polymers as direct thickeners for CO2 enhanced oil recovery,” Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 1069-1079, 2011. ##
[21]. Perry R., Michael J., Mark D. and Enick R., “Anthraquinone siloxanes as thickening agents for supercritical CO2,” Energy and Fuels, Vol. 30, Issue 7, pp. 5990-5998, 2016. ##
[22]. Alhinai N., Saeedi A. and Wood C., “Experimental study of miscible thickened natural gas Injection for enhanced Oil Recovery,” Energy & Fuels, Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 4951-4965, 2017. ##
[23]. Kubala G. and Mackay B., “Set of carbon dioxide-based fracturing liquids,” US Patent 7, 726, 404, 2010. ##
[24]. Tapriyal D. and Enick R., “Poly(vinyl acetate), Poly(1-O-(vinyloxy) ethyl-2,3,4,6-tetra Oacetyl-D- glucopyranoside) and Amorphous poly (Lactic acide) are the Most CO2-soluble Oxygenated Hydrocarbone-Based Polymers,” Journal of supercritical Fluids, Vol. Issue 3, 46, pp. 252-257, 2008. ##
[25]. Lang S., Frerich S. and Pollak S., “Solubility of pressurised carbon dioxide in three different poly dimethyl siloxanes,” Fluid Phase Equilibria Journal, Vol. 491, pp. 12-22, 2019. ##
[26]. Dhuwe A., Klara A., Sullivan J. and Enick R., “Assessment of solubility and viscosity of ultra-high molecular weight polymeric thickeners in ethane, propane and butane for miscible EOR,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 145, pp. 266-278, 2016. ##
[27]. Mutailipu M., Jiang L., Liu X. and Zhao J., “CO2 and alkane minimum miscible pressure estimation by the extrapolation of interfacial tension,” Fluid Phase Equilibria Journal, Vol. 494, pp. 103-114, 2019. ##
[28]. Ghorbani M., Gandomkar A., Momeni and Safavi S., “Modified vanishing interfacial tension (vit) test for CO2-Oil minimum miscibility pressure (mmp) measurement,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 20,  pp. 92-98, 2014. ##   
[29]. Joung S., Park J. and Kim S., “High-pressure phase behavior of polymer solvent systems with addition of supercritical CO2 at temperatures from 323.15 K to 503.15 K,” Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 47, Issue 2, pp. 270-273, 2002. ##
[30]. Iezzi A., Enick R. and Brady J., “Direct viscosity enhancement of carbon dioxide,” 1989. ##