Experimental water compatibility investigation of fields in a cluster from a water injection point of view

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran

2 University of Tehran

3 National Iranian Oil Company. Shiraz. Iran

10.22078/pr.2025.5550.3467

Abstract

In most oil-producing fields, formation water is an unwanted by-product due to the toxicity of the produced water and environmental issues. Therefore, produced water treatment is crucial in most of the oil fields. Water re-injection has been introduced as the most economical and environmental treatment method in onshore fields. In this process, injectivity impairment and permeability reduction because of the precipitation of inorganic scales are the main challenges from the reservoir engineer’s point of view. The precipitation of inorganic scales mainly occurred due to sudden changes in thermodynamic conditions or the mixing of incompatible waters. In this study, compatibility in produced water re-injection was experimentally investigated in 3 different fields in a cluster. The first two fields are producing oil with high water cuts and the other field has an abounded well. Formation and produced water samples were carefully collected from each field. To increase the accuracy of the study, compatibility investigation of injection waters with each other and the mixture of injection water with formation water were performed in different mixing ratios. Later, the total scale of seventeen generated mixtures was measured when the chemical reactions were stabilized after 14 days. Besides, the morphology and composition of the scales were investigated with the SEM-EDX instrument. According to the results, even though the formation rocks differed in each field, precipitated scales were not significant in amount. Due to the point that an increase in variations of reservoir rock mineralogy and the composition of water samples decreases the compatibility of water samples, it can be concluded that in this study, formation and produced waters are compatible.

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Main Subjects

Journal of Petroleum Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 November 2025

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