[1]. Ghermandi, A., Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Brander, L. M., Nunes, P. A. L. D. (2008) The economic value of wetland conservation and creation: a meta-analysis, FEEM Working, 79: 25. ##
[2]. Ten Brink, P., Badura, T., Farmer, A., Russi, D. (2012). The Economics of ecosystem and biodiversity for water and wetlands:abriefing note, Institute for European Environmental Policy, London. 84. ##
[3]. Barbier, E. B. (2013). Valuing ecosystem services for coastal wetland protection and restoration: progress and challenges, Resources, 2: 213-230. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources2030213, doi.org/10.3390/resources2030213. ##
[4]. Elmberg, J., Nummi, H., Poeysae, A., Sjoeberg, k. (1994). Relatronships between species number, lake size and resource diversity in assemblesay of breeding water fowl, Biogeogr, 21: 75-84, doi.org/10.2307/2845605. ##
[5]. Zedler, J. B., Kercher, S. (2005). Wetland resources: status, trends, ecosystem services, and restorability, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 15: 39-74. ##
[6]. Wang, X. Y., Feng, J., Zhao, J. M. (2010). Effects of crude oil residuals on soil chemical properties in oil sites, Momoge Wetland. China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 161: 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0744-1. ##
[7]. Kim, K. G., Lee, H., Lee, D. H. (2011). Wetland restoration to enhance biodiversity in urban areas – a comparative analysis, Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 7: 27-32. ##
[8]. Bassi, N., Dinesh Kumai, M., Sharma, A., Pardha-Saradhi, P. (2014). Status of wetlands in India: A review of extent, ecosystem benefits, threats and management strategies, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2, 1-19. ##
[9]. Balogun, A. L., Yekeen, S. T., Pradhan, B., Althuwaynee, O. F. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of oil spill impact and recovery pattern of coastal vegetation and wetland using multispectral satellite landsat 8-OLI imagery andmachine learning models. Remote Sensing, 12: 1225, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071225. ##
[10]. Kuang, S. P., Dong, Z. W., Wang, B. C., Wang, H. H., Li, J. L. & Shao, H. B. (2021). Changes of sensitive microbial community in oil polluted soil in the coastal area in Shandong, China for ecorestoration. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 207: 111551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111551. ##
[11]. Zheng, X. X., Wang, H., Tao, Y., Kou, X. Ch., He Ch, U. & Wang, Z. Q. (2022). Community diversity of soil meso-fauna indicates the impacts of oil exploitation on wetlands. Ecological Indicators, 144: 109451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109451. ##
[12]. Davis, T. J. (1993). Towards the wise use of wetlands, Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Bureau Report, 180, ISBN: 2-940073-07-4. ##
[13]. Royal C. Gardner & Nick C. Davidson (2007) The ramsar convention. Wetlands: Integrating multidisciplinary concepts, 3td edition, Ramsar Convention Secretariat: Gland, Switzerland), Springer, 189-203, ISBN 978-94-007-0551-7. ##
[14]. Maltby, E. & Acreman, M. (2011). Ecosystem services of wetlands: pathfinder for a new paradigm, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56: 1341-1359, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.631014. ##
[15]. Hughes, T. P., Barnes, M. L., Bellwood, D. R., Cinner, J. E., Cumming, G. S., Jackson, J. B. C., Kleypas, J., Van de Leemput, I. A., Lough, J. M., Morrison, T. H., Palumbi, S. R., van Nes, E. H. & Scheffer, M. (2017). Coral reefs in the anthropocene, Nature, 546: 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22901. ##
[16]. Wei, J., Gao, J., Wang, N., Liu, Y., Wang, Y. W., Bai, Z. H., Zhuang, X. L. & Zhuang, G. Q. (2019). Differences in soil microbial response to anthropogenic disturbances in Sanjiang and Momoge Wetlands, China, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 95: 110, https://doi. org/10.1093/femsec/fiz110. ##
[17]. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Poloczanska, E. S., Skirving, W. & Dove, S. (2017). Coral reef ecosystems under climate change and ocean acidification, Frontiers in Marine Science, 158: 20, https:// doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00158. ##
[18]. Anthony, K. R. N., Helmstedt, K. J., Bay, L. K., Fidelman, P., Hussey, K. E., Lundgren, P., Mead, D., McLeod, I. M., Mumby, P. J., Newlands, M., Schaffelke, B., Wilson, K. A. & Hardisty, P. E. (2020). Interventions to help coral reefs under global change a complex decision challenge. PLoS One 15: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal, pone.0236399. ##
[19]. Ranjbar-Jafarabadi, A., Riyahi-Bakhtiyari, A., Shadmehri-Toosi, A. & Jadot, C. (2017). Spatial distribution, ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in marine surface sediments and coastal seawaters of fringing coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, Iran, Chemosphere, 185: 1090-1111, doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.110. ##
[20]. Mille, G., Asia, L., Guiliano, M., Malleret, L. & Doumenq, P. (2007). Hydrocarbons in Coastal Sediments from the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Fos Area, France), Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54: 566-575, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.12.009.
[21]. Carpenter, A. (2019). Oil pollution in the North Sea: the impact of governance measures on oil pollution over several decades, Hydrobiologia, 845: 109-127. ##
[22]. Mirza. R., Mohammadi, M., Faghiri, I., Abedi, E., Fakhri, A., Azimi, A. & Zahed, M. A. (2014). Source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples from the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Iran, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186: 7387-7398. ##
[23]. Paluselli, A., Fauvelle, V., Schmidt, N., Galgani, F., Net, S. & Sempere, R. (2018). Distribution of phthalates in Marseille Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea), Science of the Total Environment, 621, 578-587, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.306. ##
[24]. Kennish, M. J. (2002). Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries, Environmental Conservation., 29: 78-107. ##
[25]. Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., d›Agrosa, C. & Watson, R. (2008). A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, Science, 319: 948-952. ##
[26]. Richmond, R. H., Tisthammer, K. H. & Spies, N. P. (2018). The effects of anthropogenic stressors on reproduction and recruitment of corals and reef organisms, Frontiers in Marine Science, 5: 226, doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00226. ##
[27]. Rodríguez-Barroso, M. R., García-Morales, J. L., Oviedo, C. & Quiroga Alonso, J. M. (2010) An assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface sediment using statistical analysis, Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 163: 489-501. ##
[28]. Yang, L., Chen, F., Zhang, L., Liu, J., Wu, S. & Kang, M. (2012). Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64: 1947-1955, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.024. ##
[29]. Noman, M. A., Feng, W., Zhu, G., Hossain, M. B., Chen, Y., Zhang, H. & Sun, J. (2022). Bioaccumulation and potential human health risks of metals in commercially important fishes and shellfishes from Hangzhou Bay, China. Scientific Reports, 12: 1-15. ##
[30]. Fatemi, S. M. R. & Shokri, M. R. (2001). Iranian coral reefs status with particular reference to Kish Island, Persian Gulf. International Coral Reef Initiative Indian Ocean Regional Workshop, Muzambique, 13. ##
[31]. Fouda, M. (1997). Overview on Land-Based sources and activities affecting the marine environment in ROPME Sea Area (DRAFT), Prepared for Unep and Ropme. ##
[32]. Monikh, F. A., Safahieh, A., Savari, A. & Doraghi, A. (2013). Heavy metal concentration in sediment, benthic, benthopelagic, and pelagicfish species from Musa Estuary (Persian Gulf), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 215-222. ##
[33]. سید هشترودی، م.، صالح، ا. و شیجونی فومنی، ن. (1396). ارزیابی اولیه از غلظت ترکیبات PAH در نمونه‌های رسوب و مرجان Acropora downingi جمع‌آوری شده از جزیره هنگام، مجموعه مقالات اولین همایش بین‌المللی اقیانوس‌شناسی غرب آسیا، تهران، ایران، 4. ##
[34]. میروکیلی، ح. س.، حاجی‌زاده ذاکر، ن. (1392). غلظت و منشاء هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل در خلیج فارس (TPH) در رسوبات ساحلی جزیره خارک. مجله محیط شناسی، 39، 4: 148-137. ##
[35]. نامی، م. ح. (1396). ویژگی‌های خلیج‌فارس، فصلنامه مطالعات خلیج‌فارس، 2، 4: 61-48. ##
[36]. عسکری حصنی، م.، بلوکی کورنده، م.، ایرانمنش، م.، میرشکار، د.، هاشم‌آبادی، م.، طالبی متین، م.، فتح‌اله‌زاده، ز.، تیموری، ب.، عسکری، ا.، قاسمی، م و اکبرپور، م. (1399). تعیین زیستگاههای حساس تخم‌گذاری و وضعیت تولیدمثلی گونه در خطر انقراض لاک‌پشت منقار عقابی در تالاب بین‌المللی شیدور، مجله بوم‌شناسی آبزیان، 10(2): 105-95. ##
[37]. مرادی، م.، وارسته، ط. و نبی‌پور، ا. (1395). مرجان‌های خلیج‌فارس و مهندسی بافت (چاپ اول)، ناشر دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، بوشهر، 220. ##
[38]. Moopam (2010) Manual of oceanographic observation and pollutant analyses methods, Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment, Kuwait (Ropme), 585. ##
[39]. Monazami-Tehrani, G. H., Hshim, R., Sulaiman, A. H., Tavakoly-Sany, S. B., Khani-Jani, R. & Monazami-Tehrani, Z. (2012). Assessment of contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments of musa bay, Northwest of the Persian Gulf-Iran, International Conference on Environment, Energy and Biotechnology (Singapore), 33: 75-80. ##
[40]. Long, E. R., MacDonald, D. D., Smith, S. L. & Calder, F. D. (1995). Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments, Environmental Management, 19: 81-97. ##
[41]. Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, A sedimentological approach, Water research, 14: 975-1001. ##
[42]. Tolosa, I., de Mora, S., Sheikholeslami, M. R., Villeneuve, J. P., Bartocci, J. & Cattini, C. (2004). Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal Caspian Sea sediments, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 44-60, doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00255-8.
[43]. Goldberg, E. D. (1976). The Health of the Oceans. Unesco Press, Paris, 172. ##
[44]. Massoud, M. S., Al-Abdali, F., Al-Ghadban, A. N. & Al-Sarawi, M. (1996). Bottom sediments of the Arabian Gulf—II. TPH and TOC contents as indicators of oil pollution and implications for the effect and fate of the Kuwait oil slick, Environmental Pollution, 93, 271-284. ##
[45]. Commendatore, M. G. & Esteves, J. L. (2007). An assessment of oil pollution in the coastal zone of Patagonia, Argentina, Environmental Management, 40, 814-821. ##
[46]. ماشینچیان مرادی، ع.، ممهد هروی، م.، عبدی اسکویی، س. ح.، محمودی، ا. س. و اسکندری، م. (1392). بررسی هیدروکربن‌های آلیفاتیک در ترکیب نفت خام سکوهای نفتی خلیج‌فارس، مجله پژوهش نفت، 23 (74): 150-144. ##
[47]. سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح (1382). جغرافیای جزایر ایرانی خلیج‌فارس: استان هرمزگان: جزیره لاوان (چاپ اول)، ن تهران، 288. ##
[48]. Maktoof, A. A., Alkhafaji, B. Y. & Al-janabi, Z. Z. (2014). Evaluation of total hydrocarbons levels and traces metals in water and sediment from main outfall drain in Al-Nassiriya City/Southern Iraq, Natural Resources, 5: 795-803. ##
[49]. Monazami-Tehrani, G. H., Tavakoly-Sany, S. B., Hashim, R., Salleh, A. (2016). Predictive environmental impact assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in petrochemical wastewater effluent and surface sediment, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75: 1-13. ##
[50]. رایگانی، ب.، نجفی یاسوری، م.، بداقی جمالی، ج. و سرخیل، ح. (1398). شناسایی لکه‌های آلودگی‌های نفتی با استفاده از سری زمانی داده‌های سنجنده مودیس (مطالعه موردی: آب‌های خلیج‌فارس)، مجله پژوهش نفت، 29، (108): 106-97. ##
[51]. Mohebbi-Nozar S L, Pauzi Zakaria M, Mortazawi M S, Salimizadeh M, Momeni M, Akbarzadeh Gh A, Ismail W R (2015) Total petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from the coastline and mangroves of the northern Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95: 407-411. ##
[52]. محمدی گلنگش، م.، صنعتی، ع. م.، بزرگ‌پناه، ز. (1397). بررسی هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل (TPH) و فلزات شاخص (Ni and V) در گاماروس Pontogammarus maeaoticus و رسوبات ساحلی دریای خزر، استان گیلان، مجله بوم‌شناسی آبزیان، 7، (4): 17-9. ##
[53]. Silva, C. S., Moreira. I. T., de Oliveira, O. M., Queiroz, A. F., Garcia, K, S., Falcão, B. A., Escobar, N. F. & Rios, M. C. (2014). Spatial distribution and concentration assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the intertidal zone surface sediment of Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 186: 1271-1280. ##
[54]. Ololade, I. A., Lajide, L. & Amoo, I. A. (2009). Spatial trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 7: 83-89. ##
[55]. Al-Imarah, F. J. M., Ali, S. A. & Ali, A. A. (2010). Temporal and spatial variations of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments from Northern parts of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq, Journal of Marine Mesopotamia Sciences, 25: 65-74. ##
[56]. Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Peng, S., Zhou, Q. & Ma, L. Q. (2010) Temporal and spatial trends of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the seawater of Bohai Bay, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60: 238-243, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.020. ##
[57]. Metwally, M. E. S., Al-Muzaini, S., Jacob, P. G. & Bahloul, M. (1997). Petroleum hydrocarbons and related heavy metals in the near-shore marine sediments of Kuwait. Environment International, 23: 115-121, doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00082-7. ##
)