بررسی خواص رئولوژیکی و کارایی هیدروژل‌های پلی اکریل آمید- کروم در چاه‌های نفت دما بالا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ،گروه مهندسی شیمی

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، گروه مهندسی پلیمر

چکیده

در این تحقیق هیدروژل‌های پایه پلی‌اکریل‌آمید بر اساس روش حلال ساخته شد و خواص رئولوژیکی و کارایی آنها در شرایط فیزیکی چاه‌های نفت جنوب ایران به طور کیفی و کمی به وسیله تست بطری و رئومتر سنجیده شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از تست بطری، ژل پلیمر محتوی ppm 15000 پلی‌اکریل آمید و ppm 2500 استات کروم (III) که به مدت hr 24 در دمای C° 90 قرار گرفته است، به عنوان ژل پلیمر پایه انتخاب شد. نتایج حاصل از تست‌های رئومتری در دمای C° 25 نشان می‌دهد که مدول کشسان در محدوده فرکانس 1/0 تا Hz 10 و در محدوده کرنش کوچکتر از 100% تقریبا ثابت باقی می‌ماند. در حالی که مدول مذکور از Pa 8 در دمای C° 25 تا Pa 4 در دمای C° 90 افت می‌کند. بررسی تنش تسلیم اعمال شده بر روی ژل پلیمر نشان می‌دهد که در نمونه مذکور سه نقطه کرنش 100%، 3280% و 6470% می‌توانند به نوعی نقطه تسلیم در نظر گرفته شوند و به دلیل اثر سرخوردگی در دیواره، نمی‌توان نقطه تسلیم را به قطعیت پیدا کرد. برای سیستم ژل پلیمر مذکور تا کرنش 6470%، خواص کشسان بر خواص گرانرو غالب است. پس از عبور از این نقطه شبکه به حالت روان درآمد و سیستم دچار پارگی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Rheological Properties and Performance of Polymeric Gel Systems (Based on Polyacrylamide) in High Temperature Reservoirs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Rafipoor 1
  • Mohsen Vafaie Sefti 1
  • Ali HaghTalab 1
  • Mehdi Razzaghi Kashani 2
  • Farhad Salimi 1
1 Chemical Engineering Group, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Polymer Engineering Group, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

In this research, polyacrylamide based hydrogels were made on the basis of solvent method, and their rheological properties and performance were evaluated by bottle testing and a rheometer under Iran south oil reservoir conditions. Based on the results of the bottle test, the polymeric gel formed by 15000 ppm polyacrylamide and 2500 ppm chromium (III) acetate and kept at 90 °C for 24 hrs was selected as a basic polymeric gel. Based on the results of rheometric tests at temperature of 25°C, the elastic modulus almost remains constant in frequency range of 0.1 to 10Hz and the strain range up to 100%, whereas this module decreases from 8 Pa at 25 °C to 4 Pa at 90 °C. Studying the effect of the applied yield stress on the polymeric gel indicates that for a sample each of three strain points of 100%, 3280%, and 6470% could be considered as a yield point, but it could not be found decisively because of wall slip effect around the rheometer wall. Also, the polymeric gel system does not tear up to the strain of 6470% and the elastic properties are superior to the viscous nature of the system below this point.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyacrylamide
  • Chromium (III) Acetate
  • Bottle Testing
  • Rheology
  • Elastic Modulus
  • Viscous Modulus
مراجع
[1]. Wang W., Liu Y. and Gu Y., “Application of a Novel Polymer System in Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)”, Colloid. Polym. Sci., 281, pp. 1046-1054, 2003.
[2]. Moradi-Araghi A., Beardmore D.H. and Stahli G.A. “The Application of Gels in Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory”, Polymers and Crosslinker Systems; Water-Soluble Polymers for Pertroleum Recovery, Stahl G.A. and Schultz D.N. (Eds.), Plenum, New York, pp. 299-312, 1988.
[3]. Borling D., Chun K., Hughes T. and Sydansk R., “Pushing Out the Oil with Conformance Control”, Oilfield Rev., 6, pp. 48-55, 1994.
[4]. Seright R., A Review of Gel Placement Concept, NM Tech PRRC, 96-21, 1999.
[5]. Wang D.M., Cheng J.H., Yang Q.Y., Gong W.C., Li Q. and Chen F.M., “Viscous-elastic Polymer can Increase Microscale Displacement Efficiency in Cores”, SPE 63227, The 2000 Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Texas, 1-4, October 2000.
[6]. Gallino G., Molinari M. and Lockhart T.P., “Rheological Studies of the Gelation Kinetics of Chromium (III)-Polyacrylamide Solutions”, Macromol. Symp., 45, pp.137-144, 1991.
[7]. Sydansk R.D., “A New Conformance-Improvement-Treatment Chromium (III) Gel Technology”, SPE/ ODE17329, April 1988.
[8]. Willhite P. and Green D.W., “Application of Gelled Polymer for Water Control”, SPE Conference, Tehran, Iran, 114, June 2002.
[9]. Jin L. and Seright R.S., “Rheology of Gels Used for Conformance Control in Fractures”, SPE 70810, SPE Journal., 6 (2), pp.120-125, 2001.
[10]. Sydansk R., Conformance Improvement in a Subterranean Hydrocarbon- Bearing Formation Using a Polymer Gel., US. Pat. 4683949, Maraton Co., 1987.
[11]. Wang Y. and Seright R.S., “Correlating Gel Rheology with Behavior During Extrusion Through Fractures”, SPE 99462, SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, pp. 22-26 April 2006.
[12]. Prud’homme R.K., Princeton U. and Uhl J.T., “Kinetics of Polymer/Metal-Ion Gelation”, SPE 12640, The AIME SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 15-18 April 1984.
[13]. Broseta D., Marquer O., Blin N. and Zaitoun A., “Rheological Screening of Low-Molecular-Weight Polyacrylamide/Chromium (III) Acetate Water Shutoff Gels”, SPE 59319, The SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, pp. 3- 5 April 2000.
[14]. Simjoo M., Vafaie Seftie M., Dadvand Koohi A., Hasheminasab R., and Sajjadian V., “Polyacrylamide Gel Polymer as Water Shut-off System: Preparation and Investigation of Physical and Chemical Properties in One of the Iranian Oil Reservoirs Conditions”, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 26 (4), pp. 99-108, 2007.
[15]. Al- Muntasheri GA., Hussein IA., Nasr- El- Din HA. and Amin MB., “Viscoelastic Properties of a High Temperature Cross- Linked Water Shut- off Polymeric Gel”, J. Polymer. Sci., 55, pp. 56- 66, 2007.
[16]. Romo G.A.F., Leyva H.H., Cinco Presidentes Asset Team., Pemex., Aguilar R.B., Campos C.C., Eoff L., Dalrymple D., and Halliburton., “Advanced Technology to Reduce Water Cut: Case Studies from the Pemex Southern Region”, SPE 102711, International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 28 February-2 March 2007.
[17]. Vossoughi S., “Profile Modification Using in Situ Gelation Technology- a Review”, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 26 (4), pp. 199–209, 2000.
[18]. Moradi Araghi A., “A Review of Thermally Stable Gels for Fluid Diversion in Petroleum Production”, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 26 (1), pp. 1-10, 2000.
[19]. Albonico P. and Lockhart T.P., “Divalent ion-Resistant Polymer Gels for High Temperature Applications: Synersis Inhibiting Additives”, SPE 25220, International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2-5 March 1993.
[20]. Moradi Araghi A. and Doe P.H., “Hydrolysis and Precipitation of Polyacrylamides in Hard Brines at Elevated Temperatures”, SPE 13033, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1987.
[21]. Grattoni C. A., Al-Sharji H. H., Yang C., Muggeridge A. H., and Zimmerman R.W., “Rheology and Permeability of Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Gel”, J. Colloid. Interface Sci., 240 (2), pp. 601- 607, 2001.
[22]. Wang Y. and Seright R.S., “Correlating gel rheology with behavior during extrusion through fractures”, SPE 99462, Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 22-26 April 2006.