ترش‌شدگی مخزن: مروری بر سازوکار‌ها و روش‌های جلوگیری به‌همراه ارائه‌ روش نوین غربال‌گری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده نفت اهواز، دانشگاه صنعت نفت، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، نفت و گاز، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران

چکیده

باکتری‌های احیاءکننده‌ سولفات (باس) از دهه‌ 1920 میلادی در مخازن نفتی شناسایی شدند. باس‌ها با احیاء سولفات به سولفید موجب تولید گاز سمی و قابل اشتعال هیدروژن سولفید می‌شوند که از عوامل اصلی ایجاد خوردگی در تجهیزات زیرزمینی و سطح‌الارضی و بروز خسارت‌های مالی و جانی در صنعت نفت است. با افزایش تعداد پروژه‌های ازدیاد برداشت مبتنی بر تزریق آب در مخازن نفتی که با بروز ترش‌شدگی همراه می‌شد، سازوکار میکروبی تشکیل هیدروژن سولفید به‌عنوان سازوکار غالب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پیش‌بینی صحیح و کارآمد از طرفی و اتخاذ روش‌هایی برای مقابله با این پدیده و اثرات سوء این پدیده از سوی دیگر اهمیت بالایی دارد. امروزه با استفاده از ابزارهای مدرن علوم ژنتیک و بیولوژی، فرآیند تشکیل میکروبی هیدروژن سولفید به‌خوبی مورد تحقیق و بررسی قرار گرفته است و در دهه‌ اخیر، پیشرفت علم و فن‌آوری راه را برای ارزیابی دقیق امکان بروز این پدیده و همچنین ابداع، بررسی و پیشبرد روش‌های نوین جهت تقلیل و حتی جلوگیری از ایجاد ترش‌شدگی در مخازن نفتی هموارتر ساخته است. در این مقاله ابتدا به بررسی سازوکار‌ها و پارامترهای اثرگذار در بروز و گسترش پدیده‌ ترش‌شدگی پرداخته شده است. در ادامه، روشی نوین جهت بررسی پتانسیل ترش‌شدگی مخازن و غربال‌گری آن‌ها ارائه گردیده است. سپس، تعدادی از روش های مرسوم مقابله با این پدیده در مقیاس میدانی به‌صورت مختصر شرح داده شده‌اند. در نهایت پیشرفته‌ترین و به‌روزترین راه‌های ارائه شده در زمینه‌ کنترل و کاهش ترش‌شدگی مخازن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Reservoir Souring: A Review on Mechanisms, Mitigation/Reduction Methods with Updating Souring Screening Criteria

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajjad Asiabani 1
  • Shahin Kord 1
  • Rohaldin Miri 2
1 Petroleum Engineering Department, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology, Iran
2 Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) have been identified in oil reservoirs since 1920s. They reduce sulphate to sulphide resulting in production of hydrogen sulphide. H2S is a corrosive, toxic and flammable gas which causes operational and capital costs for oil industry. Classification of microbial activity as the main source of H2S generation in flooded reservoirs is followed by the increasing number of water-based EOR projects in the few last decades. Failure in precise prediction of reservoir souring onset in the reservoir may lead to severe health and safety issues. Once the prediction and simulation phase is accomplished, appropriate mitigation method should be selected. However, many simulators capable of considering the reservoir souring are available, urgent need to quick prediction of this phenomenon looks necessary. A novel souring screening approach is presented to investigate the souring potential using simple information. Comparing the reservoir conditions with the required criteria for microbial activity is the main idea of this method. In addition, some new methods to mitigate the souring effects are proposed. The most inspiring method is to utilize (per) chlorate group to inhibit bacterial activity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reservoir Souring
  • Sulphate Reducing Bacteria
  • Hydrogen Sulphide
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