بررسی آزمایشگاهی تشدیدپذیری تشکیل لجن اسیدی در انگیزش مخازن نفتی آسفالتینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی نفت، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نقت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

اسیدکاری سبب افزایش بهره‌‌دهی چاه‌های نفت و گاز می‌شود اما طراحی نامناسب آن باعث تشکیل رسوب لجن اسیدی و آسیب سازندی جدی می‌گردد. در این پژوهش، پارامترهای سرعت اختلاط نفت و اسید (به‌عنوان نماینده نرخ تزریق اسید به درون سازند)، نسبت اسید به کل سیستم (به‌عنوان نماینده حجم تزریق اسید به درون سازند)، دما و خصوصیات نفت خام (گرانروی، شاخص ناپایداری کلوئیدی و میزان آسفالتین) بر پدیده تشکیل رسوب لجن اسیدی بررسی شده است. بدین منظور، از آزمایش سازگاری استاندارد RP-42 با اصلاحات کمک گرفته شده است. نمونه‌های نفت براساس روند تغییر خصوصیاتی شامل گرانروی، محتوی آسفالتین و شاخص ناپایداری کلوئیدی انتخاب شدند تا وابستگی مقدار لجن اسیدی تشکیل شده با نوع نفت بررسی گردد. هم‌چنین، به‌منظور مطالعه دقیق‌تر تأثیر گرانروی نفت بر میزان تشکیل لجن اسیدی، تعدادی آزمایش با استفاده از نفت سنتزی انجام شد. به‌جای انحلال آسفالتین در مخلوط تولوئن و هپتان، نفت سنتزی توسط رقیق‌سازی نفت خام با تولوئن و هپتان تهیه شده است به‌طوری که شاخص ناپایداری کلوئیدی ثابت باقی بماند. نتایج آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که سرعت اختلاط تأثیر محسوسی دارد و با افزایش آن از 500 تا rpm 1500، میزان رسوب لجن اسیدی در سه نمونه نفت خام A ،B و C که از نظر گرانروی، محتوی آسفالتین و شاخص ناپایداری کلوئیدی به‌ترتیب نزولی کدگذاری شده‌اند، 1/2، 58/1 و 49/1 برابر افزایش یافته است. این مشاهدات می‌تواند ناشی از افزایش سطح تماس قطرات اسید و نفت باشد. با تغییر نسبت حجمی اسید از 2/0 تا 8/0 در نمونه‌های A ،B و C، تشکیل رسوب لجن به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 27/1، 37/2 و 3 برابر افزایش یافته است. افزایش دما از 30 تا C° 85 نیز رفتار مشابهی داشته و به‌ترتیب 7/2، 57/1 و 84/1 برابر میزان رسوب لجن افزایش یافته است. نفت‌های مختلف، تمایل به تشکیل لجن متفاوتی را نشان دادند. نفت A در مقایسه با نفت‌های B و C به‌ترتیب، 1/6 و 7/37 برابر رسوب لجن بیشتری تشکیل داده است که ناشی از بیشتر بودن شاخص ناپایداری کلوئیدی و مقدار آسفالتین آن بوده است. مقایسه نتایج نفت خام B و نفت سنتزی حاصل از آن نشان داد که کاهش گرانروی در نفت سنتزی سبب کاهش 68/1 برابر رسوب لجن شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Intensification of Acid-Induced Sludge Formation During Stimulation of Asphaltenic Oil Reservoirs: an Experimental Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Hedayati 1
  • Maysam Mohammadzadeh-Shirazi 1
  • Ahmad Abbasi 2
  • Mohammad Reza Malayeri 3
1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Acidizing process increases the productivity of oil and gas wells, but its improper design can cause the formation of acid-induced sludge as a serious formation damage. There is a main question that is it possible to control the sludge through regulating operational parameters instead of using additives. In this research, the effect of main parameters such as crude oil-acid mixing speed (as a representative of acid injection rate), acid-crude oil mixture ratio (as a representative of acid injection volume), temperature, and crude oil specification (colloidal instability index and asphaltene content) were examined on sludge formation. Standard compatibility test RP-42 with some modification was utilized for this purpose. In addition, in order to study the effect of viscosity, some experiments were done using synthetic oil prepared by diluting the crude oil with toluene and heptane. Moreover, the results showed the noticeable effect of mixing speed, increasing it from 500 to 1500 rpm was led to increase the amount of sludge in three crude oil samples A, B and C by 2.1, 1.58 and 1.49 times, respectively. In addition, it can be attributed to create more interface area of acid and crude oil droplets for higher shears. Also, by changing the acid mixture ratio from 0.2 to 0.8 in crude oil samples A, B and C, caused to intense the sludge deposition by 1.27, 2.37 and 3 times, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 30 to 85 °C produced similar behavior for sludge formation by increasing 2.7, 1.57 and 1.84 times, respectively. The crude oils have been shown different tendencies for sludge formation. The sample A has formed the sludge 6.1 and 37.7 times higher than B and C oils, respectively. Ultimately, the composition of sample A with higher colloidal instability index and asphaltene content leads to higher tendency for sludging. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of oil viscosity exclusively, the results of crude oil B and its synthetic oil showed the sludge reduction due to 1.68-fold decrease of viscosity in the prepared synthetic oil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acidizing
  • Acid Mixture Ratio
  • Acid-Induced Sludge
  • Formation Damage
  • Mixing Speed
  • Temperature
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