جداسازی باکتری‌های مولد بیوسورفاکتانت از نمونه خاک‌های آلوده به نفت جزیره سیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - واحد تنکابن - گروه میکروبیولوژی

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - واحد تنکابن - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان

3 دانشگاه آزاداسلامی تهران شمال

4 پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، پژوهشکده شیمی پتروشیمی

چکیده

بیوسورفاکتانت‌ها ترکیبات فعال سطحی هستند که توسط گروهی از باکتری‌ها و قارچ‌ها تولید می‌شوند. این مولکول‌ها به ترتیب کشش سطحی و بین سطحی را در محلول‌های آبی و سامانه‌های دوفازی کاهش می‌دهند. مهم‌ترین کاربرد بیوسورفاکتانت‌ها در صنعت نفت، افزایش بازیافت نفت است. هدف از این پژوهش، جداسازی باکتری‌های مولد بیوسورفاکتانت و بررسی شرایط بهینه از لحاظ دما و pH برای تولید بیشتراین مواد توسط جدایه‌ها می‌باشد. نمونه‌برداری از ۸ نقطه منتخب خاک‌های آلوده به نفت جزیره سیری انجام گرفت. به‌ طورکلی ۱۶۰ سویه باکتری، جداسازی و تحت بررسی ریخت‌شناسی و رنگ‌آمیزی گرم قرار گرفتند. ٥٩ سویه‌دارای فعالیت همولیتیک و ٤٦سویه دارای توانایی فروپاشی قطره هستند. همچنین نتایج آزمایش جابه‌جایی روغن در مورد ٢٠ سویه مثبت می‌باشد.در ادامه 18 سویه برای آزمایش‌های غربال‌گری تکمیلی از جمله فعالیت امولسیفیکاسیون و تشکیل کف و اندازه‌گیری کشش سطحی انتخاب شدند. در نهایت ٢ سویه در دمای C ° 37 و 7=pH، قادر بودند کشش سطحی را بیشتر از mN/m ٣٠ کاهش دهند. در مطالعه حاضر دو سویه برتر با توانایی تولید بیوسورفاکتانت و ظرفیت امولسیفیکاسیون بالا به دست آمد. با توجه به پتانسیل بالای بیوسورفاکتانت تولید شده توسط باکتری‌های منتخب،پیشنهاد می‌شود از آنها به منظور کاربردهای تجاری از جمله افزایش بازیافت نفت، اصلاح زیستی محیط‌های خاکی و دریایی و صنایع غذایی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation of Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Petroleum-contaminated Soils of the Sirri Island

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mansour Meybodi 1
  • Mohammad Ghayyomi Jazeh 2
  • Abbas Akhavan Sepahi 3
  • Fereydoon Forghani 2
  • Mohammadreza Kouchaki 1
  • فرخانی Farkhani 4
  • Ali Asghar Khalili 4
1 Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Young Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University
3 Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University
4 Chemistry & Petrochemical Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum (RIPI)
چکیده [English]

Biosurfactants are active surface components produced by some bacteria and fungi. These molecules reduce surface and interfacial tension in aqueous solutions and biphasic systems respectively. The most important application of biosurfactants is in oil industry to enhance oil recovery. The aim of this study is to isolate biosurfactant-producing bacteria and optimize the conditions such as temperature and pH for maximum biosurfactant production. Samples were collected from 8 selected points of oil-contaminated soils in the Sirri Island. Overall, 160 strains of bacteria were investigated in terms of isolation and morphological and gram stain. 59 strains had hemolytic activity and 46 strains had oil collapsing ability. Also, the results of oil displacement test were positive for 20 strains. Afterwards, 18 strains were selected and complementary tests such as foam formation and emulsification activity and surface tension were performed on them. Finally, two strains were found to be able to reduce surface tension more than 30 mNm-1 at 37 °C and a pH value of 7.0. Two strains with a high amount of biosurfactant production and emulsification ability were obtained in the present study. Regarding the high potential of the biosurfactant produced, it is suggested that it should be used in commercial applications such as enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation of soil and marine environments, and food industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biosurfactant
  • The Sirri Island
  • Oil-contaminated Soil
  • Bacteria
  • oil recovery

مراجع

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پژوهش نفت
دوره 22، شماره 72 - شماره پیاپی 72
بهمن و اسفند 1391
صفحه 110-119

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