افزایش تولید فتوکاتالیستی هیدروژن از طریق بکارگیری تابش التراسوند در طول فرآیند سنتز فتوکاتالیست تیتانیا روی پایه کلینوپتیلولیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات کاتالیست، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، تولید هیدروژن از طریق فرآیند فتوکاتالیستی شکافت آب روی فتوکاتالیست نانوساختار TiO2/Clinoptilolite  سنتز شده به روش سونوشیمیایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و اثر بکارگیری تابش التراسوند در طول روش تلقیح به منظور نشاندن TiO2، بررسی شد. در این راستا، فتوکاتالیست دی اکسید تیتانیوم روی پایه کلینوپتیلولیت حاوی 10% وزنی از TiO2 با استفاده از روش تلقیح در حضور و عدم حضور تابش التراسوند تهیه شد. نمونه‌ها تحت آنالیزهای XRD،ا FESEM،ا BET،ا EDX،ا FTIR،ا PL و UV-vis مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تست‌های شناسایی نشان می‌دهد که تابش التراسوند، منجر به تولید فتوکاتالیستی با مورفولوژی یکنواخت‌تر، مساحت سطح ویژه بالاتر و توزیع ذرات بهتر خواهد شد. به‌علاوه، آنالیزها بیانگر ایجاد کلوخه‌های کمتر، برهمکنش قوی‌تر بین ذرات تیتانیا و پایه و سرعت بازترکیب جفت‌های الکترون-حفره کمتر می‌باشند. در نمونه فتوکاتالیست TiO2/Clinoptilolite تهیه شده به روش التراسوند (TiO2/CLT(UI))، تولید هیدروژن افزایش می‌یابد. میزان تولید هیدروژن بعد از گذشت زمان hr 4 برابر با μmol/gTio2 29/502 به دست آمد که تقریبا هفت برابر مقدار آن توسط TiO2 خالص می‌باشد. فتوکاتالیست TiO2/Clinoptilolite پس از 5 بار استفاده، کمترین افت فعالیت را داشت که نشان از پایداری و قابلیت استفاده مجدد از این فتوکاتالیست در فرآیند شکافت آب می‌باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Using Ultrasound Irradiation during Synthesis of TiO2 Supported Clinoptilolite Photocatalyst

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rojiar Akbari Sene
  • Shahram Sharifnia
  • Gholamreza Moradi
Catalyst Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hydrogen evolution via water splitting was investigated over the sonochemically synthesized TiO-2clinoptilolite photocatalysts with the aim of assessing the effect of ultrasonic irradiation during the impregnation procedure employing for TiO2 deposition. To this aim, photocatalysts containing 10wt% titania were prepared by an impregnation method in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. The samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET, FTIR, PL and UV-vis techniques. The characterization results indicated that ultrasound irradiation endowed the photocatalysts with uniform morphology, higher surface area and more homogenous dispersion. In addition, the analyses also exhibited less population of particle aggregates, a strong titania-support interaction and a lower electron-hole pair recombination rate. The high photocatalytic activity, 502.29, μmol/gTio2.h was obtained for TiO2/Clinoptilolite photocatalyst prepared by the ultrasound assisted the impregnation method (TiO2/CLT(UI)), which was about 7 times more than that of bare TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2/CLT(UI) photocatalyst showed sufficient reusability, making it a good choice for photocatalytic water splitting applications.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydrogen Production
  • Water Splitting
  • Photocatalysis
  • Ultrasound Irradiation
  • Impregnation
[1]. Sun T., Liu E., Fan J., Hu X., Wu F.and  Hou W., “High photocatalytic activity of hydrogen production from water over Fe doped and Ag deposited anatase TiO2 catalyst synthesized by solvothermal method”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 228, No. 1, pp. 896-906, 2013.##
[2]. Xu S., Ng J., Du AJ., Liu J. and Sun D. D., “Highly efficient TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst for simultaneous hydrogen production and copper removal from water”,  International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp. 6538-6545, 2011.##
[3]. Long L., Li J., Wu L. and Li X., “Enhanced photocatalytic performance of platinized CdS/TiO2 by optimizing calcination temperature of TiO2 nanotubes”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 107-111, 2014.##
[4]. Dubey N., Rayalu S. S., Labhsetwar N. K. and Devotta S., “Visible light active zeolite-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from water”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 33, No. 21, pp. 5958-5966, 2008.##
[5]. Yoong L. S., Chong F. K. and Dutta B. K., “Development of copper-doped TiO2 photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light”, Energy, Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 1652-16561, 2009.##
[6]. Obregón S., Muñoz-Batista M. J., Fernández-García M., Kubacka A. and Colón G., “Cu–TiO2 systems for the photocatalytic H2 production: Influence of structural and surface support features”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 179, No. 1, pp. 468-478, 2015.##
[7]. Ni M., Leung M. KH., Leung DYC. and Sumathy K., “A review and recent developments in photocatalytic water-splitting using for hydrogen production”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 401-425, 2007.##
[8]. Taheri Najafabadi A. and Taghipour F., “Physicochemical impact of zeolites as the support for photocatalytic hydrogen production using solar-activated TiO2-based nanoparticles”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 106-113, 2014.##
[9]. Wang C., Shi H. and Li Y., “Synthesis and characteristics of natural zeolite supported Fe3+-TiO2 photocatalysts”, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 257, No. 15, pp. 6873-6877, 2011.##
[10]. Romão J., Salata R., Park S. Y. and Mul G., “Photocatalytic methanol assisted production of hydrogen with simultaneous degradation of methyl orange”, Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 518, No. 1, pp. 206-212, 2016.##
[11]. Jiang C., Lee K. Y., Parlett C. M. A., Bayazit M. K., Lau C. C. and Ruan Q., “Size-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles on porous hosts for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production” Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 521, No. 1, pp. 133-139, 2016.
[12]. Parayil S. K., Kibombo H. S. and Koodali R. T., “Naphthalene derivatized TiO2–carbon hybrid materials for efficient photocatalytic splitting of water”, Catalysis Today, Vol. 199, No. 1, pp. 8-14, 2013.##
[13] Xu Y., Zheng W. and Liu W., “Enhanced photocatalytic activity of supported TiO2: dispersing effect of SiO2”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 122, No. 1, pp. 57-60, 1999.##
[14]. Shen S. and Guo L., “Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performances of Cr incorporated, and Cr and Ti co-incorporated MCM-41 as visible light photocatalysts for water splitting”, Catalysis Today, Vol. 129, No. 3-4, pp. 414-420, 2007.##
[15]. Cheng P., Yang Z., Wang H., Cheng W., Chen M. and Shangguan W., “TiO2–graphene nanocomposites for photocatalytic hydrogen production from splitting water”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 2224-2230, 2012.##
[16]. Mohamed R. M., Ismail A. A., Othman I. and Ibrahim I. A., “Preparation of TiO2-ZSM-5 zeolite for photodegradation of EDTA”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol. 238, No. 1-2, pp. 151-157, 2005.##
[17]. Takeuchi M., Kimura T., Hidaka M., Rakhmawaty D. and Anpo M., “Photocatalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde with oxygen on TiO2/ZSM-5 photocatalysts: Effect of hydrophobicity of zeolites”, Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 246, No. 2, pp. 235-240, 2007.##
[18]. Yener H. B., Yılmaz M., Deliismail Ö., Özkan S. F. and Helvacı Ş. Ş., “Clinoptilolite supported rutile TiO2 composites: Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity on the degradation of terephthalic acid”, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 173, No. 1, pp. 17-26, 2017.##
[19]. Khodadoust S., Sheini A. and Armand N., “Photocatalytic degradation of monoethanolamine in wastewater using nanosized TiO2 loaded on clinoptilolite”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 91-95, 2012.##
[20] Wang C., Shi H. and Li Y., “Synthesis and characterization of natural zeolite supported Cr-doped TiO2 photocatalysts”, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, No. 10, pp. 4328-4333, 2012.##
[21] Taheri Najafabadi A. and Taghipour F., “Cobalt precursor role in the photocatalytic activity of the zeolite-supported TiO2-based photocatalysts under visible light: A promising tool toward zeolite-based core–shell photocatalysis”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 248, No. 1, pp. 1-7, 2012.##
[22] Rahmani F., Haghighi M. and Amini M., “The beneficial utilization of natural zeolite in preparation of Cr/clinoptilolite nanocatalyst used in CO2-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 142-155, 2015.##
[23]. Rahmani F., Haghighi M. and Mahboob S., “CO2-enhanced dehydrogenation of ethane over sonochemically synthesized Cr/clinoptilolite-ZrO2 nanocatalyst: Effects of ultrasound irradiation and ZrO2 loading on catalytic activity and stability”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 150-163, 2016.##
[24]. Durgakumari V., Subrahmanyam M., Subba Rao K. V., Ratnamala A., Noorjahan M. and Tanaka K., “An easy and efficient use of TiO2 supported HZSM-5 and TiO2+HZSM-5 zeolite combinate in the photodegradation of aqueous phenol and p-chlorophenol”, Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 234, No. 1-2, pp. 155-165, 2002.##
[25]. Dubey N., Labhsetwar N. K., Devotta S. and Rayalu S. S., “Hydrogen evolution by water splitting using novel composite zeolite-based photocatalyst”, Catalysis Today, Vol. 129, No. 3-4, pp. 428-434, 2007.##
[26]. Rahemi N., Haghighi M., Babaluo A. A., Allahyari S. and Jafari M. F., “Syngas production from reforming of greenhouse gases CH4/CO2 over Ni–Cu/Al2O3 nanocatalyst: Impregnated vs. plasma-treated catalyst”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 50-59, 2014.##
[27]. Rahmani F. and Haghighi M., “Sono-dispersion of Cr over nanostructured LaAPSO-34 used in CO2 assisted dehydrogenation of ethane: Effects of Si/Al ratio and La incorporation”, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 27, Part 3, No. 1, pp. 1684-1701, 2015.##
[28]. Hosseini T., Haghighi M. and Ajamein H., “Fuel cell-grade hydrogen production from methanol over sonochemical coprecipitated copper based nanocatalyst: Influence of irradiation power and time on catalytic properties and performance”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 126, No. 1, pp. 595-607, 2016.##
[29]. Nezamzadeh Ejhieh A. and Zabihi-Mobarakeh H., “Heterogeneous photodecolorization of mixture of methylene blue and bromophenol blue using CuO-nano-clinoptilolite”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 1421-1431, 2014.##
[30]. Park M., Kwak B. S., Jo S. W. and Kang M., “Effective CH4 production from CO2 photoreduction using TiO2/x mol% Cu–TiO2 double-layered films”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 431-438, 2015.##
[31]. Yahyavi S. R., Haghighi M., Shafiei S., Abdollahifar M. and Rahmani F., “Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and physicochemical characterization of Ni–Co/Al2O3–MgO nanocatalysts enhanced by different amounts of MgO used for CH4/CO2 reforming”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 273-281, 2015.##
[32]. Estifaee P., Haghighi M., Mohammadi N. and Rahmani F., “CO oxidation over sonochemically synthesized Pd–Cu/Al2O3 nanocatalyst used in hydrogen purification: Effect of Pd loading and ultrasound irradiation time”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1155-1165, 2014.##
[33]. Allahyari S., Haghighi M., Ebadi A. and Hosseinzadeh S., “Ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of nanostructured CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 over HZSM-5: Effect of precursor and irradiation power on nanocatalyst properties and catalytic performance for direct syngas to DME”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 663-673, 2014.##
[34]. Rahmani F., Haghighi M., Vafaeian Y. and Estifaee P., “Hydrogen production via CO2 reforming of methane over ZrO2-Doped Ni/ZSM-5 nanostructured catalyst prepared by ultrasound assisted sequential impregnation method”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 272, No. 1, pp. 816-827, 2014.##
[35] Guo G., Hu Y., Jiang S. and Wei C., “Photocatalytic oxidation of NOx over TiO2/HZSM-5 catalysts in the presence of water vapor: Effect of hydrophobicity of zeolites”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 223-224, No. 1, pp. 39-45, 2012.##
[36]. Li H. and Cui X., “A hydrothermal route for constructing reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposites: Enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 35, pp. 19877-1986, 2014.##
[37]. Dubey P. K., Tripathi P., Tiwari R. S., Sinha A. S. K. and Srivastava O. N., “Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–TiO2 nanoparticle composite systems and its application in hydrogen production”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 29, pp. 16282-16292, 2014.##
[38]. Zabihi Mobarakeh H. and Nezamzadeh Ejhieh A., “Application of supported TiO2 onto Iranian clinoptilolite nanoparticles in the photodegradation of mixture of aniline and 2, 4-dinitroaniline aqueous solution”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 315-321, 2015.##
[39]. Shirsath S. R., Pinjari D. V., Gogate P. R., Sonawane S. H. and Pandit A. B., “Ultrasound assisted synthesis of doped TiO2 nano-particles: Characterization and comparison of effectiveness for photocatalytic oxidation of dyestuff effluent”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 277-286, 2013.##
[40]. Wang C. and Li Y., “Preparation and characterisation of S doped TiO2/natural zeolite with photocatalytic and adsorption activities”, Materials Technology, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 204-209, 2014.##
[41]. Lee J. Y. and Jo W. K., “Application of ultrasound-aided method for the synthesis of CdS-incorporated three-dimensional TiO2 photocatalysts with enhanced performance”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 35, Part A, No. 1, pp. 440-448, 2017. ##