بهبود تولید یک میدان نفتی با استفاده از مدل‌سازی یکپارچه و کنترل بهینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با تولید پیوسته از یک مخزن نفتی، فشار مخزن و دبی تولیدی کاهش پیدا می‌کنند. اگر نسبت گاز به نفت تولیدی، فشار جریان ته‌چاهی و ویژگی‌های سیال مخزن مناسب باشند، با استفاده از فرازآوری مصنوعی با گاز، دبی تولیدی افزایش پیدا خواهد کرد. در فرآیند فرازآوری مصنوعی با گاز، شرایط مخزن، چاه و تأسیسات سطح‌الارضی به‌صورت پیوسته تغییر می‌کنند؛ بنابراین باید بر عملیات تزریق گاز نظارت داشت و شرایط تزریق را متناسب با این تغییرات، به‌روزرسانی کرد تا بهینه‌ترین دبی تولیدی به‌دست آید و کارایی یک میدان هیدروکربنی را پیش‌بینی کرد. یکی از مشکلاتی که در فرآیند فرازآوری با گاز اتفاق می‌افتد، ناپایداری است. ناپایداری باعث کاهش تولید نفت و آسیب رساندن به تأسیسات می‌گردد. همچنین با توجه به محدودیت حجم گاز موجود جهت تزریق بایستی تخصیص و کنترل گاز تزریق‌شده در بین چاه‌های تولیدی به‌گونه‌ای باشد که تولید در شرایط بهینه انجام شود. در این مطالعه مخزن نفتی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Eclipse شبیه‌سازی شد و سپس به کمک نرم‌افزار PRosPER مدل‌سازی چاه‌های تولیدی و شبکه خطوط لوله جریانی سطح‌الارضی انجام شد. در نهایت با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MATLAB، اتصال مدل‌های مخزن، چاه و شبکه خطوط لوله جریانی به‌منظور ایجاد مدل یکپارچه و تخصیص بهینه گاز تزریقی بین چاه‌ها به کمک الگوریتم ژنتیک انجام شد. طبق سناریو‌های مختلف، گاز تزریقی بین چاه‌ها توزیع شد. میزان تولید نفت و درآمد حاصل از هر سناریو ثبت شد. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، استفاده از مدل یکپارچه بهره‌برداری همراه با سیستم کنترل بهینه در فرآیند فرازآوری با گاز در مقایسه با شرایط تولید طبیعی مخزن مورد مطالعه، باعث افزایش 86/224% درآمد می‌شود. همچنین در نظر گرفتن ناپایداری به‌عنوان محدودیت در سیستم کنترل بهینه تزریق گاز مدل یکپارچه بهره‌برداری باعث کاهش 93/2% درآمد حاصل‌شده از مخزن می‌شود. اما در بلند‌مدت سبب کاهش آسیب به تأسیسات پایین‌دستی میدان نفتی می‌گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Production Enhancement of an Oil Field using Integrated Modeling and Optimal Control

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Gharcheh Beydokhti
  • Ehsan Khamehchi
Depertment of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

By continuous production of a hydrocarbon reservoir, the reservoir pressure and production rate decreases. If the gas oil ratio, flowing bottomhole pressure and reservoir fluid properties are appropriate, the production rate will increase with the use of the artificial gas lift. Gas lift operation must be monitored and injection conditions have to be updated with respect to the condition variation in order to obtain the optimum production rate and predict the performance of a hydrocarbon field. One of the problems which occurs in gas lift operations is the instability phenomenon. This phenomenon reduces oil production and damages facilities. Also, because of available lift gas limitation, the injection gas must be allocated among producing wells in a way to produce in an optimum condition and prevent instability. In the current study, Eclipse was used to simulate reservoir. Then, wells and surface flow pipeline network were modeled using Prosper. Eventually, MATLAB was used for connecting reservoir, wells and flow pipeline network to create an integrated model and allocate optimized lift gas rate between wells, by genetic algorithm. Injection gas was allocated among wells according to different scenarios. Moreover, oil production and cashflow from each scenario were compared. According to the results, using the integrated production model with the optimal control system in an artificial gas lift process improves cashflow by 224.86% over natural production condition in a hydrocarbon reservoir. Finally, although considering instability as a constraint in an optimal control system of integrated production model reduces cashflow by 2.93%, it will reduce the damage to the downstream facility in the long-term.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Artificial Gas Lift
  • Integrated Production Modeling
  • Instability
  • Optimal Control
  • Cashflow
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